The 2061 Deadline: Driving Singapore’s Total Water Independence

A Deadline Like No Other. Most strategic plans are flexible; Singapore’s is absolute. The 2061 expiry of the Johor water agreement is the "North Star" for every pipe laid and every membrane develop...

Engineering for the Extreme: Singapore’s 100-Year Climate Defense Plan

The Precautionary Principle. While most countries plan for median climate scenarios, Singapore is engineering for the extremes. With a mandate to protect against 5-meter sea-level rises, PUB has ev...